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A Suspicious Activity Report or SAR is a document that a US financial institution must produce if they suspect money laundering or fraud, either by an employee or customer.

Once any potential criminal activity has been identified, a report (the standard SAR form is available on the BSA e-file system) must be filed within 30 days to the Financial Crimes Enforcement Network (FinCEN) and kept for five years from the date of the filing. 

SARs enable law enforcement agencies to uncover and prosecute money laundering, fraud and other financial crimes but also allow governments to identify and analyze emerging trends and patterns which helps them detect organized crime and convict fraudulent and criminal behavior.